The world is experiencing a rapid demographic shift, with ageing populations increasing globally and in India. Declining fertility, lower mortality, and rising life expectancy are driving this change. In 2018, for the first time, people aged 65+ outnumbered children under five. By 2050, the elderly population will more than double to 2.1 billion (22% of the global population).

In developing countries, ageing is occurring at an unprecedented pace. While developed nations took 150-200 years to double their elderly population, developing countries are experiencing this shift in just 50-70 years due to advancements in healthcare and technology transfer. This rapid ageing is straining economies, as it increases the old-age dependency ratio without a proportional rise in wealth.

Older adults face unique challenges, including health issues, financial insecurity, and limited mobility. Governments must respond by strengthening healthcare, pensions, caregiver training, and age-inclusive infrastructure. In India, Census data shows the elderly population grew from 24.7 million in 1961 to 103.8 million in 2011—a fourfold increase in 50 years. By 2022, this figure reached 149 million (10.5% of the population) and is projected to hit 347 million (20.8%) by 2050, making India one of the fastest-ageing nations. Additionally, shifting family structures and migration trends are leaving more elderly individuals without traditional support systems.

Recognizing these challenges, the Seminar on ‘Ageing in India: Actionable Solutions’ was organized by the Sankala Foundation in collaboration with the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), with support from NITI Aayog and the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. The seminar sought to develop practical, evidence-based solutions for improving the lives of ageing populations in India and beyond.

With India drafting a revised National Policy for Older Persons, the seminar provided a platform to address key concerns and advocate for a comprehensive, integrated approach to ageing, ensuring a healthier, more dignified future for senior citizens. Here are the proceedings of the seminar, capturing key discussions, expert insights, and policy recommendations aimed at shaping a more inclusive and sustainable approach to ageing in India.